-
Damian Aspinall returned a family of gorillas to the wild two months ago
-
Gorillas had been raised on his Howletts animal park in Kent all their lives
-
It was the first time anyone had attempted to reintroduce a complete family
-
Earlier this month two female animals disappeared and later found dead
-
A total of five have now been killed in ferocious attack by an another gorilla
Expressing his emotions has never come easily to Damian Aspinall, but as the conservationist and casino tycoon gazes at an extraordinary sequence of photographs from his recent visit to West Africa, there is sorrow in his eyes.
Taken two months ago, when he and his eldest daughter, Tansy, 25, journeyed to the vast wildlife reserve his foundation runs in Gabon, the pictures capture the uplifting moment when a family of gorillas raised in his Howletts animal park in Kent took their first, tentative steps to freedom.
The Aspinalls had known the ten gorillas all their lives and regarded them almost as their own kin. And they watched in awe as the troop, which had been kept for months on a river island where they learned to forage for food and fend for themselves, loped across a wooden bridge and into the great unknown.
Taken two months ago, when he and his eldest daughter, Tansy, 25, journeyed to the vast wildlife reserve his foundation runs in Gabon, the pictures capture the uplifting moment when a family of gorillas raised in his Howletts animal park in Kent took their first, tentative steps to freedom.
The Aspinalls had known the ten gorillas all their lives and regarded them almost as their own kin. And they watched in awe as the troop, which had been kept for months on a river island where they learned to forage for food and fend for themselves, loped across a wooden bridge and into the great unknown.
Scroll down for video
Taken two months ago, when he and his eldest daughter, Tansy, 25, journeyed to the vast wildlife reserve his foundation runs in Gabon, the pictures capture the uplifting moment when a family of gorillas raised in his Howletts animal park in Kent took their first, tentative steps to freedom.
The Aspinalls had known the ten gorillas all their lives and regarded them almost as their own kin. And they watched in awe as the troop, which had been kept for months on a river island where they learned to forage for food and fend for themselves, loped across a wooden bridge and into the great unknown.
Scroll down for video
Victims: Gorillas (from left) Mumba, Kishi and baby Akou have all been found dead. FouFou (far right) is missing
Walk to freedom: Silverback Djala leads two females, Kibi, 22, and three-year-old Akou, from their island safe haven into the wild for the first time in June. Just weeks later, the two smaller apes were found dead
Though Damian has returned 80 gorillas to the wild, it was the first time anyone had attempted to reintroduce a complete family, and it seemed then that this controversial experiment — which had been years in the planning and cost hundreds of thousands of pounds — had been vindicated.
Among the zoological establishment, his maverick style of conservation has long been regarded with suspicion, much like that of his colourful late father Johnny, who founded the Aspinall zoos with the millions he earned from London’s society gambling rooms.
Aspinall senior was decried for his insistence that his keepers should interact closely with the animals — a policy that saw five of them killed by animals during the Eighties and Nineties.
His son has not endeared himself by criticising conventional zoos and their methods, saying he would like them all closed down and their animals set free.
His six-day trip to Gabon reinforced his conviction that he was on the right track. Before leaving, he and his daughter (who was famously videoed playing with a gorilla in its pen when she was a baby) went by boat deep into the rainforest to make contact with another group of much-loved ‘friends’ they released many years ago.
To their great joy, they found the animals thriving in their ancestral homeland, and were thrilled to be greeted with cuddles and nose-rubs.
‘Tansy said afterwards that it had been the best trip of her life,’ Damian, 54, told me wistfully at his Belgravia office this week. ‘It was incredibly moving for me, too. It was a wonderful and very emotional thing to see these animals walk to freedom, knowing we had given them that opportunity.
‘Gorillas don’t have the same concept of freedom as humans, of course, but I sensed that Djala (the male leader of the newly arrived troop, who has been in Aspinall’s care since being rescued 30 years ago, just as he was about to be slaughtered and eaten) somehow realised he was in a better place, and I was responsible for that.
Success story: Tansy Aspinall with a freed gorilla in Gabon this year. She told her father after the six-day trip that it had been the ‘best trip of her life’
Playtime: Tansy as a baby with a gorilla at her father’s Kent zoo. She was famously videoed playing with a gorilla in its pen when she was a baby
‘Because of his upbringing, Djala had always been very nervous in captivity, but out there he seemed remarkably calm. He had even stopped his lifelong habit of plucking at the hair on his arm. So I left the country thinking it was an outstanding success.’
He falls silent, gathers himself, then adds: ‘Obviously, I couldn’t foresee the tragedy to come.’
Indeed not. Two years ago, when he first told me about his most audacious project, he acknowledged that it would carry ‘enormous risks’. He had been concerned that the gorillas might eat some poisonous fruit, or contract a disease their immune system couldn’t combat.
Yet nothing prepared him for the horrific news relayed by his field-staff in a flurry of increasingly grim messages earlier this month.
First he was told that two of the newly freed gorillas — both adult females — had disappeared: very strange, given that they ought to have been traceable via implanted radio transmitters.
Then, a few days later, he learned that their decomposing bodies had been discovered. They hadn’t been attacked by a leopard — perhaps the only predator capable of killing a fully-grown gorilla — for there were no bite wounds. From the extensive trauma to their skulls and torsos, it seemed they had been brutally battered to death or swung by the limbs with enormous force against the trunk of a tree — the hallmarks of a ferocious attack by another gorilla.
The victims were the five wives of the male leader of the group Djala, who may be responsible for the killings
Maverick: Damian Aspinall (left) with one of his Gabon gorillas. His father Johnny founded Aspinall Foundation
Since then, three more of the Kent contingent have been found dead, though it is unclear how they were killed. This brings the death toll to five, while a sixth remains missing.
More disturbingly still, the victims were Djala’s five wives and a baby female named Akou, one of his four children. This week, Aspinall handed me the tragic list: the five confirmed as dead are: Tamki, aged 25, Kishi, 16, Mumba, 27, Kibi, 22 and Akou, three. FouFou, 22, is the missing wife.
Though Aspinall describes the multiple fatalities as a ‘setback’ and vows that they won’t wreck his great back-to-the-wild dream, they are plainly a personal and professional disaster.
The bridge has been dismantled and the grieving survivors confined to the island — which remained their home even after they were free to wander elsewhere in the forest — and the entire project has been suspended as measures are taken to protect them.
Meanwhile, an investigation of Scotland Yard proportions has been launched to solve a murder mystery so bizarre it appears to confound the very tenets of primatology.
In Gabon, all manner of dark theories are circulating. There is even a suggestion that the gorillas were not bludgeoned to death at all, but poisoned and then mutilated by poachers or someone with the desire to sabotage Aspinall’s conservation project.
27-year-old Mumba (pictured) was one of the five female gorillas that was found dead earlier this month
Tamki, 25, (left) and three-year-old Akou were also found killed in the ferocious attack by another gorilla
Kishi, 16, (left) and Kibi, 22, (right) were also killed. The Aspinall family had known the animals their whole lives
He, however, dismisses these rumours, saying he and his team have already identified the likely killer. They believe he is a silverback named Boumanga, one of many gorillas his own foundation has rescued from appallingly cruel captivity in Africa.
Boumanga was taken in 14 years ago when he was an infant, and cared for in Africa before being released into the wild shortly afterwards, where he grew into a 32st colossus.
No one saw the attacks, as Aspinall readily concedes, but he says there is a welter of circumstantial evidence against this ‘rogue male’. For one thing, Boumanga nests close to the riverbank, just across from the island where the killing spree occurred, and lives a curiously solitary existence.
While another silverback living nearby heads a very big family of 26, including several wives, Boumanga has no mates or offspring. This is highly unusual, given that neighbouring males usually divide the females among themselves and seldom live without mates.
Aspinall says his team were aware of this well before the attacks, but never imagined he might pose a threat. They simply assumed Boumanga was a harmless oddball who couldn’t attract females, while the male with the huge harem was a veritable super-stud by comparison.
The one thing he might try to do was steal one or two of the Kent females as his ‘wives’, ran their thinking. If he did it would be no bad thing, for it would help to diversify the gene pool among the gorillas in the reserve, thus making in-breeding less likely.
It now seems evident that the brooding loner had more malevolent intentions — though, as Aspinall reflects darkly, ‘hindsight is a wonderful thing’.
WATCH: Orphan gorilla Djala returned to wild after 30 years
Mwambe is one of the survivors of the family of ten that were released to the wild just two months ago
Djongo also survived and remains at the vast wildlife reserve run by the Aspinall Foundation in Gabon
Louna (left) is one of the survivors of the family while 22-year-old Fou Fou is said to have gone missing
As gorillas are habitually placid and good-natured, and it is virtually unheard of for males to kill adult females, he says Boumanga may have been ‘deranged’ by his traumatic early experiences in captivity and grown into what humans would regard as a pathological serial killer.
He adds: ‘I have agonised about this for days — we all have. Was it because the female gorillas had been in captivity and were behaving in a way they shouldn’t in the wild? It’s possible. Was there a sexual motive? We couldn’t tell, but he was clearly out to get the women.
‘Can you get psychotic gorillas? For sure — it can happen with all animals. Maybe (as a baby) he was kept in some shed, or hung upside down, or beaten. We don’t know his exact background so we don’t know what mental damage there might have been.
‘All I can say is that I have spent my entire life among gorillas and I have never seen anything like it. It’s an absolute shock — the one thing we couldn’t see coming.’
Whatever his motivation may have been, Boumanga is known to have stolen across the bridge to the island shortly before the onslaught.
Soon afterwards, the jungle was filled with chilling shrieks and frenzied thrashing sounds. It seems he had fought and won a titanic battle with Djala — the male leader of the Kent troop — who was so severely bruised and swollen, perhaps in attempting to defend his wives, that he had to be treated with anti-inflammatory drugs.
The jungle was filled with chilling shrieks. Then they found the battered corpses
Then, one by one, the bodies were found.
‘We’re certain that Boumanga killed the two gorillas with trauma wounds, at least, but we can’t be sure what happened to the others,’ says Aspinall. ‘It’s possible they died in another way.’
They could have succumbed to stress, he surmises, pointing out that gorillas carry a parasite called balantidium, which can multiply with fatal consequences when they are under strain.
However they died, he maintains that his reintroduction project has been broadly successful, with a survival rate of 80 per cent; considerably better than that among captive-bred gorillas.
And though lessons will be learned, he says defiantly, he won’t allow this incident to derail his mission — even though several of the world’s leading experts this week expressed reservations about it.
To Dr Mike Cranfield, a respected U.S wildlife veterinarian specialising in gorillas, the notion that all animals ought to be returned to the wild is a ‘majorly flawed ideal’, regardless of these unprecedented attacks.
By effectively meddling with nature, he suggests, Aspinall — for all his good intentions — could cause untold damage to the wild gorilla population, for instance by introducing some harmful gene or disease they are unable to combat. Dr Cranfield also queries the wisdom of breeding gorillas in England and transporting them to Africa at huge expense, when the money might be better spent on conserving the 100,000 already living in the wild, which are endangered by poaching, habitat loss and the rampant ebola virus.
Though Damian has returned 80 gorillas to the wild, it was the first time anyone had attempted to reintroduce a complete family, and it seemed then that this controversial experiment
When Aspinall started the project two years ago, he had been concerned that the gorillas might eat some poisonous fruit, or contract a disease their immune system couldn’t combat but did not foresee the attacks
Dr Martha Robbins, of the Max Planck Institute, who has studied gorillas for 25 years and runs a field site in Gabon, has similar reservations, describing the release of animals that have spent their lives in zoos as ‘a huge ethical question’ fraught with complexities.
She told me: ‘It’s a bit like taking a group of teenage kids from London to the Kalahari Desert, and saying: “Off you go — have fun!” ‘
‘We shouldn’t just assume that because these animals are gorillas, they’ll know how to survive in the forest — what foods to eat, how to live with other gorillas, and among predators.
‘Feeding gorillas on mangos and apples in Kent is not the same as leaving them in the wild, where they have no idea what to eat, how to behave and where to go.’
As for the supposition that Boumanga — or any other gorilla — deliberately killed the six females, Dr Robbins believes it is highly doubtful. While infanticide by male gorillas is quite common (nursing mothers can’t be impregnated, so the males will kill their babies to make them fertile) she says she has come across only one case where a silverback has deliberately killed an adult female.
She suggests the females might have died in any number of ways, from disease to the stress of radically changing their diet.
She even posits the theory that Djala might have killed them himself because they were about to leave him for Boumanga. ‘My understanding is that there is no evidence against this silverback beyond the fact that he was there, someone heard shrieks and they died. If this accused gorilla was charged in a court of law, the case wouldn’t hold up.’
And she adds: ‘I appreciate that Damian Aspinall is very dedicated to this project and his animals, and I think it’s human nature to point the finger.
‘But it’s rather as if a convenience store owner had been murdered, and the last person to use the store had been videoed. Just because he was the last customer, it doesn’t mean he was the killer, does it?’
Tansy Aspinall aged 9-months with her mother Louise Aspinall and one of the zoo’s gorillas
Accustomed to such scepticism, Aspinall responds with a weary contempt. His critics may be eminent in their field, he says, but he has never heard of them and they know nothing about him or his work, which not only involves the conservation of gorillas, but a huge range of animals, including the critically endangered black rhino. He says the Gabon reserve, once ravaged by poachers, has become a ‘honeypot’ of wildlife under his foundation’s protection.
Furthermore, he clearly believes his knowledge of gorillas and their habits is far superior to that of his detractors, and having seen him mingling with gorillas as if he were a member of their family, this is hard to dispute.
‘When you do something different, people don’t like it, and we are trying to do things another way — we are trying against all the odds to change an entire culture in the way animals are looked after,’ he says with a steely glint in his eye.
This isn’t to say that the killings haven’t caused him angst-ridden moments of doubt.
His pressing concern now, though, is for the future of the project and the welfare of the five surviving gorillas, and he faces some difficult decisions.
Should he dispatch more Kent-reared females to join the pining Djala? If not, how should his loneliness be resolved?
And what should become of Boumanga? Aspinall looks aghast when I ask whether he might face the ultimate punishment for murder; yet clearly if he was the killer, he must be removed to some remote corner of the reserve.
For a few days ago his hulking silhouette was seen on the riverbank, as if he were waiting for the bridge to be rebuilt.
If the ‘deranged loner’ with an apparent grudge against foreign females should manage to sneak back to the island, even a casino boss surely wouldn’t bet against him striking again.
- To find out more about the work of The Aspinall Foundation, visit aspinallfoundation.org or follow Damian Aspinall on Twitter at @DamianAspinall
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2745471/Damian-Aspinall-raised-gorillas-Kent-zoo-killed-returned-jungle.html#ixzz3CjUYSsPc
Follow us: @MailOnline on Twitter | DailyMail on Facebook
Like this:
Like Loading...
Wolf Is My Soul 