Kingdom: Animalia Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Family: Canidae
Listing Status: Endangered (and others listed below)
General Information
The Gray Wolf, being a keystone predator, is an integral component of the ecosystems to which it typically belongs. The wide range of habitats in which wolves can thrive reflects their adaptability as a species, and includes temperate forests, mountains, tundra, taiga, and grasslands.
Population detail
The FWS is currently monitoring the following populations of the Gray wolf
- Population location: U.S.A.: All of AL, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MO, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NV, NY, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA, VT and WV; those portions of AZ, NM, and TX not included in an experimental population as set forth below; and portions of IA, IN, IL, ND, OH, OR, SD, UT, and WA as follows: (1) Southern IA, (that portion south of the centerline of Highway 80); (2) Most of IN (that portion south of the centerline of Highway 80); (3) Most of IL (that portion south of the centerline of Highway 80); (4) Western ND (that portion south and west of the Missouri River upstream to Lake Sakakawea and west of the centerline of Highway 83 from Lake Sakakawea to the Canadian border); (5) Most of OH (that portion south of the centerline of Highway 80 and east of the Maumee River at Toledo); (6) Western OR (that portion of OR west of the centerline of Highway 395 and Highway 78 north of Burns Junction and that portion of OR west of the centerline of Highway 95 south of Burns Junction); (7) Western SD (that portion south and west of the Missouri River); (8) Most of Utah (that portion of UT south and west of the centerline of Highway 84 and that portion of UT south of Highway 80 from Echo to the UT / WY Stateline); and (9) Western WA (that portion of WA west of the centerline of Highway 97 and Highway 17 north of Mesa and that portion of WA west of the centerline of Highway 395 south of Mesa). Mexico.
Listing status: Endangered
This population has been proposed for delisting- States/US Territories in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: Colorado , Nebraska , Nevada , New Mexico , North Dakota ,Oregon , South Dakota , Utah , Washington
- US Counties in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: View All
- Countries in which the this population is known to occur: United States
- Population location: U.S.A. (portions of AZ, NM and TX – see section 17.84(k))
Listing status: Experimental Population, Non-Essential- States/US Territories in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: Arizona , New Mexico , Texas
- US Counties in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: View All
- For more information: http://www.fws.gov/southwest/es/mexicanwolf/
- Population location: Western Great Lakes Distinct Population Segment; Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan; the eastern half of North Dakota and South Dakota; the northern half of Iowa; the northern portions of Illinois and Indiana; and the northwestern portion of Ohio.
Listing status: Delisted due to Recovery- For more information: http://www.fws.gov/midwest/wolf/
- Population location: Northern Rocky Mountain Gray Wolf Distinct Population Segment; Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, eastern Washington, eastern Oregon, and north central Utah
Listing status: Delisted due to Recovery- States/US Territories in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: Idaho , Montana , Oregon , Utah , Washington , Wyoming
- US Counties in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: View All
- For more information: http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/mammals/wolf/
- Population location: U.S.A. (WY see 17.84 (i) and (n))
Listing status: Delisted due to Recovery- States/US Territories in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: Wyoming
- US Counties in which this population is known to or is believed to occur: View All
- For more information: http://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/species/mammals/wolf/
| Status | Date Listed | Lead Region | Where Listed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Endangered | 03/11/1967 | Mountain-Prairie Region (Region 6) | U.S.A.: All of AL, AR, CA, CO, CT, DE, FL, GA, KS, KY, LA, MA, MD, ME, MO, MS, NC, NE, NH, NJ, NV, NY, OK, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA, VT and WV; those portions of AZ, NM, and TX not included in an experimental population; and portions of IA, IN, IL, ND, OH, OR, SD, UT, and WA. Mexico. |
| Experimental Population, Non-Essential | 01/12/1998 | Southwest Region (Region 2) | Mexican gray wolf, EXPN population |
| Delisted due to Recovery | 01/27/2012 | Great Lakes-Big Rivers Region (Region 3) | Western Great Lakes DPS |
| Delisted due to Recovery | 05/05/2011 | Mountain-Prairie Region (Region 6) | Northern Rocky Mountain DPS (delisted, except WY) |
| Delisted due to Recovery | 05/05/2011 | Mountain-Prairie Region (Region 6) | WY, EXPN population |
» Action Plans
| Date | Title |
|---|---|
| 08/21/2009 | Mexican wolf spotlight species action plan |
» Recovery
Recovery Plan Information Search
| Date | Title | Plan Action Status | Plan Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| 05/05/2010 | Final Mexican Wolf Conservation Assessment | Recovery efforts in progress, but no implementation information yet to display | Conservation Strategy |
| 08/03/1987 | Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan | View Implementation Progress | Final Revision 1 |
| 01/31/1992 | Recovery Plan for the Eastern Timber Wolf – Revised | View Implementation Progress | Final Revision 1 |
| 09/15/1982 | Mexican Wolf Recovery Plan | View Implementation Progress | Final |
| 05/05/2010 | Final Mexican Wolf Conservation Assessment | Recovery efforts in progress, but no implementation information yet to display | Conservation Strategy |
| Date | Citation Page | Title | Document Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| 06/13/2013 | 78 FR 35663 35719 | Removing the Gray Wolf(Canis lupus) From the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Maintaining Protections for the Mexican Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi ) by Listing It as Endangered; Proposed Revision to the Nonessential Experimental Population of the Mexican Wolf; Proposed Rules |
|
| 09/10/2012 | 77 FR 55530 55604 | Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removal of the Gray Wolf in Wyoming From the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Removal of the Wyoming Wolf Population’s Status as an Experimental Population |
|
| 12/28/2011 | 76 FR 81666 81726 | Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Revising the Listing of the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) in the Western Great Lakes |
|
| 10/05/2011 | 76 FR 61782 61823 | Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants, Removal of the Gray Wolf in Wyoming From the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Removal of the Wyoming Wolf Population’s Status as an Experimental Population |
|
| 09/19/2011 | 76 FR 57943 57944 | Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Revising the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife for the Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) in the Eastern United States |
|
| Date | Title |
|---|---|
| 02/29/2012 | Lower 48 State and Mexico C. lupus listing, as revised. 5 YSR |
| Date | Title |
|---|---|
| 06/04/2007 | Draft Post Delisting Monitoring Plan |
» Critical Habitat
| Date | Citation Page | Title | Document Type | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 03/09/1978 | 43 FR 9607 9615 | Reclassification of the Gray Wolf in the U.S. and Mexico with Determination of Critical Habitat in Michigan and Minnisota | Final Rule | Final designated |
| 06/09/1977 | 42 FR 29527 29532 | Proposed Reclassification of Gray wolf in U.S. and Mexico,Proposed Critical Habitat, Michigan and Minnesota; 42 FR 29527 29532 (Canis lupus) | Proposed Rule | Not Required |
To learn more about critical habitat please see http://criticalhabitat.fws.gov
» Conservation Plans
| HCP Plan Summaries |
|---|
| Cedar River Watershed HCP |
| City of Tacoma, Tacoma Water HCP |
| Plum Creek Timber I-90 HCP |
| Plum Creek Timber I-90 Land Exchange |
| Washington Dept. Natural Resources Forest Lands HCP |
| SHA Plan Summaries |
|---|
| Paterson, Thomas W. and Caroline H. (Spur Ranch) |
» Petitions
| Date | Citation Page | Title | Finding |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10/09/2012 | 77 FR 61375 | Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on Petitions To List the Mexican Gray Wolf as an Endangered Subspecies or Distinct Population Segment With Critical Habitat |
|
| 09/14/2010 | 75 FR 55730 55735 | 90-Day Finding on Petitions To Delist the Gray Wolf in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and the Western Great Lakes |
|
| 08/04/2010 | 75 FR 46894 46898 | 90-Day Finding on a Petition To List the Mexican Gray Wolf as an Endangered Subspecies With Critical Habitat |
|
| 06/10/2010 | 75 FR 32869 32872 | 90-Day Finding on a Petition To List a Distinct Population Segment of the Gray Wolf in the Northeastern United States as Endangered |
|
| 08/01/2006 | 71 FR 43410 43432 | Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition To Establish the Northern Rocky Mountain Gray Wolf Population (Canis lupus) as a Distinct Population Segment To Remove the Northern Rocky Mountain Gray Wolf Distinct Population Segment From the List of Endangered and Threatened Species |
|
» Life History
Habitat Requirements
Wolves are habitat generalists and lived thorughout the northern hemisphere. They only require ungulate prey and human-casued mortality rates that are not excessive.
Food Habits
Ungulates [wild and domestic] are the typical prey of wolves, but wolves also readily scavenge. Beaver are among the smallest important prey but wolves can utilize smaller mamals, birds, and fish.
Movement / Home Range
Wolves packs defend their territories from other wolves. Territory size is a function of prey density and can range from 25-1,500 square miles. Both male and female wolves disperse at equal rates and equal distances, sometimes >600 miles.
Reproductive Strategy
Normally first breed as yearings and once a year in February. One to 10 pups [normally ~5] are born 63 days later. Pups normally stay with pack until > 1 yrear old.
» Other Resources
NatureServe Explorer Species Reports — NatureServe Explorer is a source for authoritative conservation information on more than 50,000 plants, animals and ecological communtities of the U.S and Canada. NatureServe Explorer provides in-depth information on rare and endangered species, but includes common plants and animals too. NatureServe Explorer is a product of NatureServe in collaboration with the Natural Heritage Network.
ITIS Reports — ITIS (the Integrated Taxonomic Information System) is a source for authoritative taxonomic information on plants, animals, fungi, and microbes of North America and the world.
Last updated: June 13, 2013
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